What is Mifeprex Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

What is Mifeprex - Essay Example Mifeprex is a synthetic steroid with antiglucocortid and antiprogestorne outcomes (Jacob 186). Progesterone is a female hormone responsible for preparing the uterus to receive and sustain a fertilized egg. It is also crucial in sustaining the pregnancy. Mifeprex works by blocking progesterone’s activities at the progesterone receptors. It stimulates the uterus to contract, thus preventing the formation of pregnancy (Ogbru and Marks). Besides that, the drug can also be used as a medication for type 2 diabetes adjunct in Cushing’s syndrome. People with Cushing syndrome produce a lot of cortisol that is responsible for high sugar levels in the blood. Mifeprex minimizes the levels of blood glucose in thse people by blocking the activity of cortisol (Jacob 186). The drug is among the list of essential drugs of the World Health Organization. According to Crosse 4(7), mifeprex is only prescribed for the termination of intrauterine pregnancy through the 49th day of pregnancy. People should avoid taking Mifeprex if: it has been more that 7 weeks since the most recent menstrual period started; you have an intrauterine device (IUD) in place; you have problems of bleeding; you have taken steroid medications; you are allergic to prostaglandins, mifeprex, or any other medicine that contains misoprotosol; you have chronic adrenal failure; the healthcare provider has informed you that you the pregnancy has formed outside the uterus; for the following two visits you cannot return (Danco Laboratories 2) Mifeprex has various side effects. Even though Jacob argues, â€Å"There is no medical evidence that Mifepristone presents a special risk of infection,† (182), possible side effects of using the drug has been reported. It can cause birth defects in the unborn baby if the treatment procedure does not result in the full termination of the pregnancy. Other side effects consist of the following:

Strategic Position Of The Google Corporation Commerce Essay

Strategic Position Of The Google Corporation Commerce Essay This individual case study analyzes the strategic position of the Google corporation in its market and references some of the competitive forces as described by Michael Porter (1980). The analyses will also include some of the axioms from Sun Tzu and the art of business by Mark McNeilly (1996). Bernard Girards book on The Google Way (2009) was used primarily for this case study. Investor relation websites along with internet articles supplemented the review of Google and to present financial numbers for market comparison. Google is arguably one of the most innovative and interesting companies today in their industry. Their beginning can be seen as the classic Silicon Valley company formation. Two friends from Stanford University, Larry Page and Sergey Brin, had a vision to make an impact on the information technology industry. To be more specific their mission was to organize the worlds information and make it universally accessible and useful  [1]  (Girard, 2009). But Google is anything but the typical company in reference to their strategies for going public and how the organization operates. The mid to late 1990s the computing technology world was racing towards advancements and the founders of Google took advantage of this. Prior to this date, computer technology was more expensive for less in relation to storage, components, processing, and performance. Computers and the internet were still limited to a narrow group of people which included universities, government and researchers, along with only a small population fortunate enough to afford this technology. The mid 1990s experienced more rapid advancement in information technology including the World Wide Web, faster processors, upgraded memory, accelerated graphics cards, more storage, and user friendly operating systems (Windows). That affect made personal computing a household name. A large factor in this was price per technology. As Bernard Girard (2009) points out, Asia was emerging as technology manufacturers at the same time advancements in computer components were maturing, yielding lower prices for computing technology. The phenomenon allowed the Google founders to capitalize on the market conditions which were favorable to them as it applied to building the computing power they needed to accomplish what they set out to achieve. Not only were they becoming the new entrant  [2]  into the information technology industry, but the competitive force principle that Michael Porter (1980) describes that gave Google favor in the market from their start was the bargaining power of suppliers  [3]  (Porter, 1980). To create their massive database and sophisticated algorithms based on artificial intelligence (AI), they would need talented programming people as well as the highest technological computer components which there were plenty of, limiting the bargaining power of the suppliers. There was also no shortage of venture capitalists at that time willing to invest in the next Silicon Valley start up. According to Entreprenuer.com in a 2007 study of the top one hundred venture capital firms in the United States, found that approximately half of them were located in California (Girard, 2009). This made it easier for Google to obtain the capital necessary for their ideas from the financial perspective. Public Offering When it came time to open Google up to Wall Street in 2004, founders Larry Page and Sergey Brin along with new their new partner Eric Schmidt made a tactical move to improve their companys position  [4]  at its initial public offering (IPO). Analyzing the methods of an IPO, they decided to use the OpenIPO in lieu of the standard public offering. As Girard (2009) explains, the OpenIPO resembles the Dutch auction where the seller sets a bid price and the number of shares, and allows the investors to bid what they think is the fair price. In the end, all winning bids will pay the exact same price regardless if some of the bids were higher, which is in contrast of the typical Wall Street IPO which allows investment bankers to manipulate the system in their favor. The OpenIPO strategy gave Google the credibility, confidence, and favorable public opinion from the start. Market and Financial Position Google was not formed yet when the World Wide Web took off in the mid 1990s. The internet search market was shared by Magellan, InfoSeek, AltaVista, Yahoo, Inktomi and Northern Light (Web Search Engine, n.d.). Although Google formed in 1998, its search engine (and main component) started to gain market share in the year 2000  [5]  through its unique technology and basic home page design. In 2002 Google was ahead of both Yahoo and MSN by a half of a percent to a percent in the market (29.2%6). By May 2003, Google had fifty-five percent (55.2%  [6]  ) of the global search engine market share with Yahoo at a distance second (21.7%6). As recent as March 2011, Googles claim on the search engine market is nearly two-thirds even though Microsoft has been gaining as of lately mostly due to its Bing search engine and Yahoo which is included in the Microsoft statistics from their partnering (Parr, 2011). Googles financial position is very strong. In terms of revenue, the company grew from eighty-six million in 2001 to over twenty-nine billion dollars reported (unaudited) in 2010  [7]  (Google investor relations, n.d.). Google has managed to increase their revenues every year within that time and the majority of that comes through advertising. For example in 2010, twenty-eight of the twenty-nine billion dollars were logged in under total advertising revenues7. Many dot com (.com) companies did not last in the market and faded after the early 2000s, and if they did, struggled thereafter. Google however has proven to be a profitable company. In 2001 their net income was just under seven million dollars while earning four cents per share outstanding  [8]  (Google investor relations, n.d.). They have since grown to a net income of eight and a half billion dollars and impressive earnings per share of twenty-six dollars8 (Google investor relations, n.d.). Though competition in the technology world is fierce, Googles financial figures still far outweigh its two closest competitors in the information technology web services industry, Yahoo and Chinas Baidu. To date Googles total revenues are greater than Yahoo and Baidu by twenty-three and twenty-eight billion dollars respectively  [9]  . Research and Development A large factor in the success of Google comes from its commitment to research and development. Google spent over three billion dollars ($3.7 bil) towards research and development8 (Google investor relations, n.d.) . Compare that to Yahoo, according to their investor relations site, who report just over a billion dollars in 2010 for product development (up from only two hundred million in 2009), and Baidu who only allocated just over seven hundred million towards research and development9. One of Googles policies in human resource management is not only to acquire who they think is of great innovative talent, but to allow them some space to be creative. This is what is known as the twenty percent rule (Girard, 2009). Google is so committed to research that they allow their people to have twenty percent of their time to work on research and not be devoted full time on specific projects. This is not a typical policy in most organizations. The Sun Tzu and the art of business axiom that applies to Googles theory towards innovation is Deception and Foreknowledge, Maximizing the Power of Market Information.  [10]  (McNeilly, 1996). The principle refers to staying connected to what your competition is involved in to be able to better respond to what your market is dictating at the time. If ignorant of the conditions of mountains, forests, dangerous defiles, swamps and marshes he cannot conduct the march of an army.  [11]  (McNeilly, 1996) This is especially important in information technology because it is more dynamic than most other industries. As Bernard Girard (2009) points out what sets Google apart from the typical company when it comes to the attitude towards development, is that it stays connected to the world around them for ideas that can be placed into motion. One of the policies pertaining to this is the building of networks in their Silicon Valley area to listen to what other companies are doing and what may be the next start up new entrant on the horizon (Girard, 2009). They also encourage their employees to stay connected to their alma maters and other university students to stay in touch on new ideas in the market. Strengths and Weaknesses Strengths Google is a large corporation whose strength relies on its current technology and innovation. They have dynamic leadership in founders Larry Page and Sergey Brin, who have the vision and the means to put it forward as they have demonstrated from its inception in 1998. An obvious strength is their current financial position. They are in good position monetarily to invest in new technologies and combat legalities and new services. As stated in the previous section, most of their revenues are generated through advertising. What set Google apart from the competition when it launched its search engine was the model they incorporated. It is known as the cost-per-click strategy which was a system that allowed advertisers to pay what they thought their ads were worth which mathematically was translated in search rankings (Girard, 2009). Google gave advertisers a visual way of tracking the effectiveness of their marketing dollars. This was a breakthrough because before Googles method, it was difficult for companies to track their marketing efforts whether it was on the web, or even in other media outlets such as print and television. In an indirect way, Google became a substitute product or service  [12]  , referring to Porters force driving industry competition, in relation to advertising venues besides the internet. Google offered companies a more fair way to judge what they thought they should price their advertisements as well as the ability to view their effectiveness. For marketers, this information can be priceless and a better opportunity than blind ads. Another one of Googles strength is its algorithm that runs its page ranking search engine. It is different from the typical methods of other engines because its objective is to rank pages not only by its word content but also uses artificial intelligence for relevance. Their search engine algorithm approach can be viewed as avoiding strength and attacking weakness  [13]  . Instead of following methods and theories of the status quo web engines, they developed a unique system that has revolutionized internet searching today. Weakness It is hard to fathom weakness in a company of this magnitude, but no organization is without them. The obvious is the possible loss of key members which can include anyone from the executive management team to its software engineers. The information technology market is very competitive because it relies heavily on scientific and mathematical talent that is not easy to come by if you measure it against all disciplines overall. Key production employees may opt to leave to other organizations for better offers or start up their own technology company. Googles enormous growth could possibly be a weakness. With that in mind other companies that are competing to regain a part of that large share that Google currently owns. An example is Microsofts Bing Maps feature birdseye view which is direct competition with Google Earth for usage as it refers to the threat of new products and services from competitors. They will also have to combat new companies that will enter the information technology arena looking to capitalize on the rewards Google has discovered. One such company that has developed a new computational knowledge search based on natural language and new algorithms is Wolfram|Alpha, the very company that produced the software Mathematica (About Wolfram|Alpha, 2011). Such a company could prove to be the direct competition for Googles search engine market because of its ability to match the sophistication of the algorithms that drive both organizations search engines. Technological Position Google puts stock in innovation. As mentioned, they encourage collaboration and creativity. This is evident from the technology they are able to house. According to author Bernard Girard (2009), Googles data house, which is built on a very powerful software platform, may consist of approximately four hundred and fifty thousand (450,000) microcomputers. There in house intranet known as Moma, is extremely powerful and acts as their enterprise wide application which reveals numerous statistics about their operations as well as an open view of all of their research and development. Googles technological arsenal is stocked well enough to compete against rival companies. Advancements and Emerging Markets Some of Googles advancements in the market include their web browser Chrome, which is one of the fastest, the popular Android mobile operating system, and their Gmail service. The Gmail service has emerged as of the more popular email systems today that offer an extraordinary amount of free space. They accomplished this through by leveraging their cloud technology which is also emerging today. They also plan to offer almost all personal and workstation computing applications through the cloud technology which would directly compete against Microsoft. One example is the current research and development of the Google Chrome OS (operating system) which is intended to run exclusively on computers specifically manufactured from Googles partners (Google Chrome OS, n.d.). Google has even partnered with the company GeoEye to launch a satellite for higher quality imagery for their Google Earth service in 2008 (Google. n.d.). They have also entered the renewable-energy market with their subsidiary, Google Energy, and invested in a wind project in the state of North Dakota (Google. n.d.). Another market that Google is experimenting with advantageously is the broadband service. They have an agreement to install the Google fiber optic system which will offer broadband at ultra high speeds upward towards one hundred times faster than normal broadband according to Google. They are also beta testing a free home wireless service under the name Google TiSP. International Policy One of the negatives that always need to be dealt with in reference to large corporations is its position in the international community. Antitrust laws can be used to limit the power one company may have. Googles already has had a negative experience abroad in relation to China. According to contributor Steven Levy (2011), Google had a rough relationship with China due to the countrys censorship policies which were contrary to Googles views and style. Googles service was also different over there because it had to adapt to the possibility of turning over data to the Chinese government, something they wanted to avoid. As Levy (2011) explains it got so bad that even Googles policy for their employees to take twenty percent of their time towards independent ventures was not well received in Chinas culture. This is an example of not only are there different and possible unique laws a corporation may have to abide by, but also a different lifestyle and culture may hinder how a company ma y run its operations. Evaluation Answering the question about how Google can improve market share is a difficult one. Google is basically competing against itself in its own industry. This is why they expand in all directions to gain share and enter other markets. Their market share can improve greatly with the success of their ultra high speed broadband service experiment. Ultra high speed connection for everyone, even in outlying rural areas is the future. Google has the technology, resources and ability to deliver this. Another possible market Google would have the capability to enter is the smart appliance industry. This emerging technology uses programmable features in appliances that would allow control for household energy usage. The industry is still new, but a company such as Google could make an impact because of its software programming talent, internet dominance, and its new broadband technology. Googles management is very progressive. According to Girard (2009) they took liberties to install a collaborative environment to be able to connect its employees to each other as well as to the outside world (universities, other companies) to better react to the changes in demand from customers and emerging technologies. For example users were becoming more frustrated with internet explorer in the late 1990 and early 2000s. Google responded with the Chrome web browser to take market share. When email services were cheap on storage, they answered with Gmail. Now the public has been demanding more speed for the rich applications across the internet and Google is responding with an ultra high speed service. A couple of laws that Google needs to stay on top of are privacy laws and antitrust laws. One law in particular, The Patriot Act, may impact Google in a negative way because there are laws that all companies have to abide by, which may mean handing over of information when requested. This could have effect on usage and market share due to how the public may perceive the giant corporation. Antitrust laws can affect Google because of its growth and size. Google has a history of buying companies to acquire different technologies which included KeyHole, DoubleClick, Aardvark, and YouTube to name a few (Google. n.d.). Laws that prohibit monopolies may impede Googles quest to grow further in certain markets. Conclusion One would have to ask the question, will Google be able to sustain its own growth? Information technology is a broad field that covers many aspects of the industry. Googles corporate strategy judging by the amount of services it offers and the ones it is trying to breakthrough makes it an aggressive company that likes to stay on top of innovation and market share. Growing too fast can be an achilles heel at some point, because a company can end up spreading itself too far while ignoring advancements and changes it might need for its main services.

Erics Wacky World of Words :: Free Essays Online

Eric's Wacky World of Words I don't work with small children with any frequency, nor have I been related to any for some years now. I am focusing instead on my own linguistic development, which is in fact rather complicated. I was born in the United States, but raised speaking French. French was my first language, and by all accounts I was a precociously fluent speaker. I learned English more or less in parallel because I needed it to talk to my father, but I used French more often in conversing with my mother. Back in the States for pre-school, I suddenly made the decision, according to my mother, that speaking French wasn't "normal" and so I wouldn't do it anymore. I would listen to her speak in French, but I spoke only in English, and she soon gave up. I became one more monolingual American child, and so discouraged my mother that by the time my brother was born, when I was 5, she didn't even bother to teach him French. I unfortunately remember nothing of my brother's language learning process, however. On a trip to France when I was 7, I by and large picked the language back up, making a conscientious effort to do so. I found, however, that while I had a fairly good intuitive grasp (being able to simply "hear" whether or not something is correct), I had lost the proper usage of such details as pronouns and less common verb conjugations. This, to me, seems like it might be consistent with the order in which languages are learned, function morphemes coming towards the end of the process: having had less time to practice and internalize these particular features of the language, they were the first to be forgotten when I quit speaking. Sadly, I can report little further progress in French. My practice has been brief and infrequent, and while I am able to communicate fairly effectively, I can only read moderately well and am almost entirely unable to write. However, in 9th grade, I began taking Spanish courses, and have done so more or less constantly for the past 4 years. Consistent with the view that adult language learning is very different (much more based in explicit memorization) than that of children, I am much more able to explicitly cite and explain rules of grammar, and to list memorized vocabulary and other words such as pronouns, than I am in French.

Adventures of Tom Sawyer Essay

I had often been given a stern warning never to have anything to do with Jim. But whenever Dad repeated that warning, I was never as concerned with the implications of going against the rules, as with the consequences of abiding by them. Besides, I was not so foolish as to be caught crossing the borders because I knew only too well that Dad always meant what he said – or said what he meant – and that no single word from his mouth was meant for the trash can. In other words, I never knew him to beat around the bush as they say; he always hit the snake on the head, whenever he encountered one, that is. â€Å"We’re doing this for your own good,† he always said to us – my brother and I – before ordering us to make sure the house and the compound are as clean as a cow’s nose and cancelling our weekends’ time out with the other neighborhood kids or to the beach. â€Å"Ask Sawyer. † We all loved reading Mark Twain’s â€Å"Adventures of Tom Sawyer† but while my brother and I admired Sawyer, our parents saw the fruits of his mischief as a warning to us. Dad was the one who always spoke, while Mom silently nodded to every word as if Dad was reading the words directly from her mind. Mom never looked directly at us during such sessions. Instead, she looked at Dad all the while only darting a glance now and then from the corner of her eyes. She might have thought her motherliness would get in the way of justice if she ever saw eye-to-eye with either of her sons during those neither-too-long-nor-too-short lecture sessions, which I hated, probably even more than the punishment itself because as soon as they ended, Mom would get the courage to look us in the face and say â€Å"later† with a smile and Dad would wish us â€Å"a great weekend† as they drove off, towards fun. One such day, a Saturday, we discovered that we could take revenge for the punishment. The birds were not singing as joyfully as they used to and the clouds in the sky formed strange animal shapes. We needed something to lift our spirits, so we did the work hurriedly and sneaked out to join our friends from the neighborhood in one of my friend’s house, whose parents had gone on a weekend-long trip. It was party time! No parental guidance. No â€Å"don’t do this†, no â€Å"don’t do that†. Unrestricted freedom! Freedom like we wanted it! Many of our friends brought cans of beer, cigarettes and cigars stolen from their parents’ houses. We played hard rock and danced like little possessed witches and wizards, smoking like steam-engine trains and burning our guts with hard liquor, as if they did not belong to us. Some of my friends and my brother only had a few sips before they saw black and lay down, sprawled like chicken in the sun, while the rest of us, who had four stomachs, continued imbibing like real rockers. It was not long, however, before my eyes created Suzie’s identical twin and the can in my hand saw an opportunity to free itself as the stuff in my stomach erupted like a volcano. The last time I had a glimpse of Suzie, she was hanging in the air, and then someone cut the lights off! I woke up to a strange-looking ceiling – a snow-white ceiling. The smell was strange, too. So was the silence. But the strangest thing was that I felt like I was trapped in a borrowed body. I tried to move my arms and legs, but they were too weak to move. My head felt as heavy as sea sand, too heavy to lift. Someone softly touched my left hand. I turned my head slowly to face Mom and Dad and looked at the clock behind them. It read â€Å"10 0’clock†. Why was I in a hospital bed at ten in the morning? Immediately, my mind raced back. I remembered Suzie and her identical twin sister. No. Suzie did not have any sister, let alone a twin sister. I must have poisoned myself with hard liquor! I had ignored the implications of breaking the rules just to show Suzie I was a real man. I was not sorry for being too foolish to be caught, though. I was sorry because not only had I broke my parents’ rules, but also their hearts. Works Cited Twain, Mark. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. California: University of California Press. 2002. Adventures Of Tom Sawyer Essay I will never forget the time I spent with Tom Sawyer, Huck Finn and Joe Harper on Jackson’s Island. We have always wanted to become pirates. Now that we have found the exact opportunity – Tom being scolded by Aunt Polly and Joe Harper having been whipped by his mother for tasting sour cream – we decided that it is now time to pursue our dream to become real pirates. In that way, we will be able to live a life of freedom and fame, and the whole town will hear about our names. The people who mistreated us will also feel sorry for what they had done. Our rendezvous is Jackson’s Island, which is three miles below the town of St. Petersburg. We met there at midnight. That became the start of our lives as pirates of the sea. Personally, I loved the idea of running away from home. I never had to go to school anymore. I didn’t need to follow rules anymore. And as Tom promised often, all we will need to do is to steal, kill and get rich. So when midnight came, the four of us met at Jackson’s Island. Each of us came with something stolen. Tom brought stolen ham, Joe had a one sided bacon and Huck had a skillet and some tobacco leaves. I brought stolen matches from my mom’s drawer. I figured that if we would stay long in the Island, we would need fire for our daily needs. Tom applauded me for bringing some matches. In those days, matches are not commonly used in St. Petersburg. Very few people had them. We found a raft about a hundred yards away. So we decided to have some fun with it and as usual, Tom was the captain. He commanded our pirate ship as we all pretended to be real pirates, using terms we have heard from sailors as well as lines from books we have read. We decided to settle in a virgin forest about two hundred yards above the head of the island. There, we spread our belongings and also built a huge bonfire. We cooked our ham, bacon and corn pone by roasting them in the fire. We ate and ate until we were so full. There was nothing like it. If the other boys in the village saw us that way, they would greatly envy us without a doubt. There was nothing like a pirate’s life. After eating, we lay down on the grass and talked for a while. Tom started to tell us stories about pirates – how extravagant they are, and how rich and famous. We started to ask him many questions about becoming a pirate. He simply told us that all we had to do was steal belongings and kill other people. In the midst of the conversation, Huck Finn began to smoke tobacco! I instantly followed him with that activity and smoked tobacco as well. Tom and Joe simply looked silently at us in amazement. For a long time now, they had wanted to learn how to smoke, but never had the opportunity. Only Huck and I could smoke. After much talking, we all fell asleep one by one. That was our first night as â€Å"pirates†. Tom was the first to wake up in the morning. The first thing we did was to strip ourselves off our clothes and bathe in the sea. After that, we got ready for breakfast. Joe began to slice bacon and would have cooked it, but Tom and Huck asked him to wait. I was the one who caught a couple of sun perch and catfish! We instantly cooked those fishes along with the bacon and they tasted so good. Then after eating, we lay down on the sand for a long time. Sadness started to creep in, but nobody dared to speak about it. Nobody wants to be accused of being a chicken heart. I think Tom was starting to feel homesick too, but he didn’t want to show his feelings. Our growing homesickness was interrupted when we saw a ferry boat afar off, shooting cannon over the water. This is a sign that somebody in the village got drowned. Shooting cannons over the water made drowned people come up to the top. For a while we wondered who got drowned, and then Tom suddenly had a brilliant thought. We are the ones who got drowned! The entire village was searching for us. Our parents missed us, and the other boys surely heard about us. The girls we admired are now talking about us too! We spent the rest of the entire day swimming, talking, eating and exploring the island. When night came, everyone went to sleep. When I woke up in the morning, Joe and Huck were still sleeping. Tom, however, was nowhere to be found. I looked at the spot where he slept and found a note. I opened the note and it read like this: â€Å"If I don’t come back by breakfast time, all my things are yours.. † Upon reading this, I woke Joe and Huck and showed them the note. We waited for Tom for about an hour but he never came. Huck supposed that Tom felt homesick and went back to Aunt Polly’s house. However, Joe defended Tom and said that he knew his friend would never do such a disgrace. Tom, according to Joe, knew the code of pirates and he is too proud to quit and go home just like that. I told Joe to start cooking breakfast and if Tom never returned by the time we ate breakfast, all his things will be ours. But just before we started to eat, Tom appeared dramatically and entered the camp. He had some news for us. He had â€Å"spied† on St. Petersburg and discovered that the whole town was talking about us – the lost pirates. If our bodies were not found until Saturday, our funeral will be pronounced that very Sunday. We instantly felt like heroes. Then suddenly I had a brilliant idea. What if we could make a comeback on the day of our funeral? Tom and the other pirates liked it very much. Tom slept until noon and when afternoon came, we started to plan our appearance at our funeral on Sunday. That Sunday, while the entire town mourned for us and as the minister preached his eulogy for the â€Å"dead boys†, we were hiding in an unused gallery behind the church as we listened to everything that was happening. Suddenly, we made our appearance to the crowd. Needless to say, everybody welcomed us dramatically. Our loved ones cried with joy. We were the talk of the town for several months and I will never ever forget it. It was the best day of our lives. Part 2: The Commentary The pirate boys led by Tom Sawyer built a community that they have entirely created amongst themselves. It is a community apart from the regular life they have known at St. Petersburg. We can safely say that Tom, Joe and Huck built their pirate community based on their childhood imagination. As young people in a simple town, where modern industrialized America has not yet fully penetrated, these three boys have an inclination towards idealism. Their idea of a perfect life is total freedom. Thus, they chose to pretend as pirates and imitate the pirate’s code of conduct in order to experience the life that they have always dreamed about. To them, escaping to Jackson’s Island is more of an escape from reality. Although they have romantic idealisms as pirates in a free world, the reality remains that in the town of St. Petersburg, they are children and they are not as powerful as they suppose themselves to be. Tom Sawyer is just a kid who can get whipped by Aunt Polly any time of day. He is a student who needs to go to school and study his lessons. He is part of society. So as we have stated, going to Jackson’s Island is an escape from reality. The boys thought that they can build a community on their own – apart from society, authority and responsibility. This thought is evident in Tom’s opening thoughts in Chapter 13: â€Å"Tom’s mind was made up now. He was gloomy and desperate. He was a forsaken, friendless boy, he said; nobody loved him; when they found out what they had driven him to, perhaps they would be sorry†¦Yes, they had forced him to it at last: he would lead a life of crime. There was no choice. † (Twain, 1876). In the community that the boys built, each one played an important role. Tom was the leader because he was the one who provided the vision and insight about the life of a pirate. So in essence, he was providing direction for all of them. Almost everything they did during their getaway in the island was a product of Tom Sawyer’s imagination – based on what he read from books and his own thoughts and romantic dreams. Joe Harper, meanwhile was more of a follower. He also executes Tom’s orders. It is evident that Joe admired Tom for everything that he was. Joe once said: â€Å"No, Tom’s true-blue, Huck, and he’ll come back. He won’t desert. He knows that would be a disgrace to a pirate, and Tom’s too proud for that sort of thing. He’s up to something or other. Now I wonder what? † (Twain, 1876) Huck, meanwhile, is a symbol of the free life that Tom and Joe have always longed for. Huck didn’t need to go to school. He is a waif, a vagabond and he is not part of society. The other boys envied Huck because he can smoke tobacco while most boys in St. Petersburg – even Tom and Joe – cannot do that act. Although Tom was the leader, we can say that Huck is the role model for the entire community they have built for themselves. If, for Tom and Joe, the island getaway was an escape from reality, it was a normal day for Huck. He was probably used to going to different places all by himself. The simple community of Huck Finn, Joe Harper and Tom Sawyer was similar to adult communities in that they have a single driving force – the desire to live a life of freedom. If we look at history, almost all communities started with that single driving force. In any given community, there should be a leader, a follower and a symbol of inspiration. As these traits are respectively found in each of our characters, we may say that Tom, Huck and Joe are a perfect embodiment of American idealism. Although their deeds were shown in boyish manner, they represent a greater dimension which reflects the reality of adult life. As the saying goes, â€Å"Men are simply boys who grew up†. Works Cited: Twain, Mark (1993). The Adventures Of Tom Sawyer [electronic version]. New York: Project Gutenberg Ebooks. (Original work published 1876)

Pros and Cons of Globalization Essay

Former CEO of Vodafone Group, Mr. Arun Sarin, at the 2009 Global Business Forum debated that there is a profound change occurring in the world today. The world is becoming more interconnected due not only to physical infrastructure but also the intellectual and software infrastructure that is being built; moreover, the way in that trade is being done today. For him, the United States is still the most powerful country in the world; however, if the country wants to have global excellence in the future, innovation is a most. Since its earliest appearance, about three decades ago, the term globalization has been used to describe a process, a condition, a system, a force, and an age. The term signifies a social condition characterized by the existence of global economic, political, cultural, and environmental interconnections and flows that make many of the currently existing borders and boundaries irrelevant. Globalization suggests dynamism best explained by the idea of change and the transformation of present conditions. In other words, globalization is an ongoing process rather than a static condition. According to Manfred Steger, author of the book: Globalization: A Very Short Introduction, globalization refers to a multidimensional set of social processes that create, multiply, stretch, and intensify worldwide social interdependencies and exchanges while at the same time fostering in people a growing awareness of deepening connections between the local and the distant. In the other hand, globalization is a complex and contradictory phenomenon that encompasses progress and degradation, opportunity and compulsion, freedom and restrictions. These countless contradictions are points of political contestation. Advantages of Globalization * Countries around the world have made the choice of establishing trade relationships with each other in order to improve their economy. Past hostile experiences were left behind, and globalization has announced an era of international peace and security. In addition, there has been propagation of democratic ideas among countries. * Countries have resolved to test free trade with some regions. Eliminating taxes, duties, and export/import quotas has allowed consumers to buy goods and services at a lower cost. * Globalization is encouraging the use of international connectivity such as the internet. Exchanging thoughts and ideas is helping interlink people around the world. * Several companies are investing in other markets providing better employment opportunities for skilled and unskilled labor all around the world. Globalization is helping in increasing the standard of living of the developing world; and at the same time is helping to reduce poverty. * Competition among different countries is leading to international innovation and quality goods. Consumers are benefited in the process because they get quality products at a cheaper rate and from a large variety available in the market. * Mutual trade has brought an understanding of the importance of protecting the environment and natural resources. Global environmental problems are being discussed. Disadvantages of Globalization * Many people from develop nations are losing jobs since corporations are outsourcing work to developing countries due to savings in cost of labor. There is a lot of pressure in the develop world; people are always under the threat of their job being outsourced. Outsourcing has resulted in unemployment. * Any sort of economic disruption in one nation will have a domino-effect on other nations that are closely related to that country in terms of trade and commerce. * Influence of local cultures and traditions will slowly start to wear down. Western ideas will impose over other cultures. * Globalization may lead to more environmental problems. A company may want to build factories in other countries because environmental laws are not as strict as they are at home. * Income distribution within countries is becoming less equal. The rich is getting richer and the poor is getting poorer. * Transnational integration and increased mobility has simultaneously strengthened and diminished the protection of individual rights and the dignity of individuals. Globalized markets have facilitated more monitoring of social conditions but have also opened up more opportunities for economic exploitation. Example of the pros and cons of globalization The Philippines is one of the countries in Asia that has been affected by the contradictions of globalization. The country is taking part in the process since it became part of the World Trade Organization in 1995. Globalization has allowed major changes in the nation like more labor, more Filipino foreign companies, high levels of education, and high per capita income. Philippines have four regions that globalization has targeted and these four are: liberalization, mobility of capital, technology, and management of organization through private and public sectors. Nevertheless, the Philippine state has failed in organizing a socioeconomic environment that would have prepared the country for global competition. Many Filipinos believe that globalization has done nothing for their country. And this is due to the poverty that has been becoming worse each year. The Philippines is still corrupt and still faces economic and political problems, therefore, the nation and its people does not trust the process of globalization. About 60% of the population lives in poverty and poverty levels are still increasing. The institutional framework of a country, its political culture and the quality of its leadership play an important role in fostering economic development and in promoting social welfare. For some, globalization can make the Philippines a better nation if the Philippine leaders get involve in allowing for more global trading and more foreign investors to the help boost the economy. And by accomplishing those goals, the Philippines should be able to reduce poverty levels. The Future of Globalization Globalization is transforming the structure of worldwide interaction and people are changing along with it. The positives aspects of globalization are becoming more significant than the negatives ones. In the long term, the world will be transformed into a more prosperous, democratic, and peaceful environment. This may means that cultural conflict and global chaos will occur in the short term but large economic growth and democratic governance will prevail in the long term. Globalization is making the way for free trade and international business. It is also improving communication around the world. The biggest advantage is that globalization has the potential to make the world a better place to live in. Globalization cannot be stopped; however, leaders should always be on the top of its spread and outcomes. Work Cited Steger, M. B. (2004). Globalization, a very short introduction. New York: Oxford University Press, USA. Retrieved from http://library.books24x7.com.dml.regis.edu/SearchResults.aspx?qdom=author&scol={all}&qstr=Manfred B. Steger Hill, C. (2010). International business. (8 ed., Vol. 5). New York City NY: McGraw-Hill Irwin. Rupert, M., & Solomon, S. (2006). Globalization & international political economy. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers INC.

Business Memo Impact of Technology on Quality of Work

Business Memo Impact of Technology on Quality of Work The current paradigm shift in technology has enabled organizations to be effective and efficient (Suematsu, 2004). Organizations can now compete favorably in the market as technology has enabled them to gain a competitive advantage.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Business Memo: Impact of Technology on Quality of Work specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Decision making in the workplace is now easy and information can easily flow from top management team to the subordinate staff. In addition, the information required can be generated and disbursed across several departments simultaneously. Other than these benefits associated with the adoption of technology in the workplace, technology has other impacts on the quality of work both negatively and positively. Implication of Technology on Work Quality Although the emergence of technology has major benefits, it compromises the quality of work (Suematsu, 2004). For instance, the social media networks like Facebook and twitter are among the leading addictive sites with nearly every employ spending some time chatting with friends and spreading office gossip (Turner, 2010; Balderrama, 2010). This makes technology a problem as employees spend hours that could have otherwise been utilized to generate good ideas that would benefit the organization. Instead, valuable time is wasted carrying out tasks that are not related to office affairs. As a result, the quality of work is compromised; time wasted, and resources wasted too. Office gossips through social networks or spread of rumors and lies may create disharmony in the workplace. Chaos can arise which can easily be fuelled through the social media networks. For example, employees can plan and execute strikes and stoppages through the social media which may compromise the quality of the work (Turner, 2010).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your fir st paper with 15% OFF Learn More Technology adoptions in the workplace jeopardize the privacy of the employees and that of work projects. Through information systems management, information on employees’ private life like salary, home address, marital status, credit card number, and benefits can be stored in the organization database. The information can be accessed from any point in the organization hence compromising the employees’ privacy. In the event that data or information lands on private hands, then the information can be used for malicious issues. Also, technology enables management to monitor all what employees are doing in the workplace. The quality of work can be affected by this as some employees do not perform as required under supervision (Blish Stiller, 2009). In technology based organizations’ work projects can be jeopardized if they land in the wrong hands especially those of competitors. Some employees may use the available t echnology for malicious purposes like individual gain, blackmail, or financial gains. Technology ensures that most of information is stored in database or online. Hackers can access the information and use it for their own benefits hence compromising the work quality. Communication has been made easier by the adoption of new technology. Mobile phones have created a platform from where employees can communicate with their families either during or after office hours (Wajcman, Bittman Brown, 2008). The boundaries between the home and work are dissolved through mobile phones which is not a bad preposition. Also, employers can get connected with their employees in the field and know how they are progressing with their work (Wajcman, Bittman Brown, 2008).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Business Memo: Impact of Technology on Quality of Work specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This ensures that work progresses on easily an d monitoring is kept to offer assistances. However, sociologists warn that adoption of mobile phones has the capacity of colonizing the family life of the employees (Wajcman, Bittman Brown, 2008). Home based problems are transferred into the workplace where employees spend a lot of time making phone calls. For example, they can call and check on their families after thirty minutes which is not a bad thing but it compromises the quality of work. As a result, using mobile phones during the office hours jeopardizes quality of work as employees spend a lot of time communicating. According to Wajcman, Bittman and Brown (2008) mixing family issues and work have adverse effects on the quality of work. Employees can lie on their progress and commitment on the work they are doing especially when out of sight. As a result, trust, honesty, and faithfulness are compromised and this affects the quality of work. Recommendations Based on the problems cited in the memo, the following are the recom mendations that could be adopted with the aim of solving the problems. On the issue of social networks leading to time wastage, inappropriate use of company properties and resources, the organization should put into place policies that ensure that employees do not use the social media or any other internet site unrelated to the work during the office hours (Balderrama, 2010). The organization can also block the sites which are not related to the workplace to ensure that employees do not even waste time snooping at the sites.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Lastly, an organization can make it clear that any employee found on those sites will definitely be terminated from the workplace. This would inhibit the use of the social media from spreading rumors and gossips in the workplace. The issue of data privacy and information can be secured through the adoption of the latest technology which creates a firewall and protects its data and information from third parties. It can also put high level security systems which safeguards the access of vital company information. For example, some data or information could be made accessible to particular group of people while the private and vital information could be made accessible by the management. In instances where passwords are compromised, biometric systems could be adopted. Lastly, the use of mobile phones in the workplace could be resolved through the adoption of GPRS or GPS enabled phones which could track the whereabouts of the employees (Blish Stiller, 2009). This would reduce the chan ces of lying and deceiving the management on progress or whereabouts. On the other hand, policies could be put into place to ensure that no phone calls are accepted during working hours or in the office. This would reduce the chances of mixing work and family business hence improving quality of the work. Conclusion It is imperative to note that technology use in organization has major benefits. However, it has some associated implications which compromise the quality of work. They include mobile phones use during working hours, use of social networks to spread rumors and gossips, and the risk of losing data and information to third parties like hackers. I will be highly honored to have the opportunity of discussing this matter with you in detail. It would give us the opportunity of having the matter discussed at personal level. For comments, discussions, or questions, please conduct me through my electronic mail. Thank you in advance. Reference List Balderrama, A. (2010). Social med ia at work-bane or boon. Web. Blish, N. A., Stiller, S. P. (2009). Tracking employees using technology. Web. Suematsu, D. (2004). Does technology improve quality of our lives? Web. Turner, T. (2010). Social media is work worry. Web. Wajcman, J., Bittman, M.., Brown, J. E. (2008). Families without borders: mobile phones, connectedness and work-home divisions. Sociology, 42(4), 635–652.

Free Essays on French And English Colonization

â€Å"We Spanish suffer from a strange disease of the heart, for which the only known remedy is gold.† (Cortà ©s) While the motivations of the Spanish for colonizing the Americas were different than the English, it is clear to see that Spain and England had the greatest impact and success in their colonization efforts. The bearing of Spanish colonization is characterized mostly by the efforts of converting Native Americans into Christians and the impact, although not positive, of spreading disease to the people of the Americas. The success, in contrast, can be noted by the explorations of Christopher Columbus, their large colonial establishments, and their transformation of the world’s economy. The impact of the English was enormous, from the settling of colonies in North America, to the development of North American slave trade, and the emergence of tobacco as a major crop, the achievements of the English are clear and distinct. Conversely, the accomplishments and impact of the Dutch and French were not as prevailing. The unstable empire of the Dutch constitutes them less successful, while the French, although peaceful and economically proven, did not have as big of an impact based on pure conquest. Christopher Columbus, an Italian seaman who was endorsed by the Spanish, unknowingly discovered the two Americas on his way to seeking a new water route to the Indies. This discovery was incredibly important to the beginning of colonization for the Spanish. In time, the diffusion between the Old World and the New World began conglomerating. Columbus and his men introduced horses to the Americas and in essence, Native American tribes began incorporating these animals to make them more mobile in hunting and general transportation efforts. The negative impact that the Spanish had during their colonization of the Americas was disease. Smallpox, yellow fever, and malaria were all life-threatening diseases that made their way o... Free Essays on French And English Colonization Free Essays on French And English Colonization â€Å"We Spanish suffer from a strange disease of the heart, for which the only known remedy is gold.† (Cortà ©s) While the motivations of the Spanish for colonizing the Americas were different than the English, it is clear to see that Spain and England had the greatest impact and success in their colonization efforts. The bearing of Spanish colonization is characterized mostly by the efforts of converting Native Americans into Christians and the impact, although not positive, of spreading disease to the people of the Americas. The success, in contrast, can be noted by the explorations of Christopher Columbus, their large colonial establishments, and their transformation of the world’s economy. The impact of the English was enormous, from the settling of colonies in North America, to the development of North American slave trade, and the emergence of tobacco as a major crop, the achievements of the English are clear and distinct. Conversely, the accomplishments and impact of the Dutch and French were not as prevailing. The unstable empire of the Dutch constitutes them less successful, while the French, although peaceful and economically proven, did not have as big of an impact based on pure conquest. Christopher Columbus, an Italian seaman who was endorsed by the Spanish, unknowingly discovered the two Americas on his way to seeking a new water route to the Indies. This discovery was incredibly important to the beginning of colonization for the Spanish. In time, the diffusion between the Old World and the New World began conglomerating. Columbus and his men introduced horses to the Americas and in essence, Native American tribes began incorporating these animals to make them more mobile in hunting and general transportation efforts. The negative impact that the Spanish had during their colonization of the Americas was disease. Smallpox, yellow fever, and malaria were all life-threatening diseases that made their way o...

Types of Nouns and Their Forms, Functions, and Meanings

Types of Nouns and Their Forms, Functions, and Meanings In  The Teachers Grammar Book  (2005), James Williams admits that defining the term  noun  is such a problem that many  grammar  books do not even try to do it. Interestingly, however, one of the founders of  cognitive linguistics  has settled on a familiar definition: In elementary school, I was taught that a noun is the name of a person, place, or thing. In college, I was taught the basic linguistic doctrine that a noun can only be defined in terms of grammatical behavior, conceptual definitions of grammatical classes being impossible. Here, several decades later, I demonstrate the inexorable progress of grammatical theory by claiming that a noun is the name of a thing. -Ronald W. Langacker,  Cognitive Grammar: A Basic Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2008 Professor Langacker notes that his definition of  thing  subsumes people and places as special cases and is not limited to physical entities. Its probably impossible to come up with a universally accepted definition of  a noun. Like many other terms in linguistics, its meaning depends on  context  and use as well as the theoretical biases of the person doing the defining. So rather than wrestle with competing definitions, lets just briefly consider some of the conventional categories of nouns- or more precisely, some of the different ways of grouping nouns in terms of their (often overlapping) forms, functions, and meanings. For additional examples and more detailed explanations of these slippery categories, consult the resources in the Glossary of Grammatical and Rhetorical Terms, covering topics like the possessive case and pluralizing nouns. Abstract Nouns  and  Concrete Nouns An  abstract noun  is a noun that names an idea, quality, or concept (courage  and  freedom, for example). A  concrete noun  is a noun that names a material or tangible object- something recognizable through the senses (such as  chicken  and  egg). But this apparently simple distinction can get tricky. Lobeck and Denham point out that the classification of a noun can change depending on how that noun is used and what its referring to in the real world. When  homework  refers to the idea of schoolwork that will be completed over time, it seems more abstract, but when it refers to an actual document that you submit for a class, it seems concrete. -Navigating English Grammar, 2014. Attributive Nouns An  attributive noun  is a noun that serves as an adjective in front of another nounsuch as nursery  school and birthday  party. Because so many nouns can serve as adjective equivalents, its more accurate to regard  attributive  as a function than as a type. The clustering of nouns in front of another noun is sometimes called  stacking. Collective Nouns A  collective noun  is a noun that refers to a group of individuals- such as  team, committee, and  family. Either a singular or a plural pronoun can stand in for a collective noun, depending on whether the group is regarded as a single unit or as a collection of individuals. (See  Pronoun Agreement.) Common Nouns  and  Proper Nouns A  common noun  is a noun thats not the name of any particular person, place, or thing (for instance,  singer,  river, and  tablet). A  proper noun  is a noun that refers to a specific person, place, or thing (Lady Gaga,  Monongahela River, and  iPad).Most proper nouns are singular, and- with a few exceptions (iPad)- theyre usually written with initial capital letters. When proper nouns are used generically (as in keeping up with the  Joneses or a  xerox  of my term paper), they become, in a sense, common- and in some cases subject to lawsuits. (See  Generification.) Count Nouns  and  Mass Nouns A  count noun  is a noun that has both singular and plural forms- like  dog(s) and  dollar(s). A  mass noun  (also called a  noncount noun) is a noun thats generally used only in the singular and cant be counted- music  and  knowledge, for instance.Some nouns have both countable and non-countable uses, such as the countable dozen  eggs and the non-countable egg  on his face. Denominal Nouns A  denominal noun  is a noun thats formed from another noun, usually by adding a suffix- such as  guitarist  and  spoonful. But dont count on consistency. While a  librarian  usually works in a library and a  seminarian  usually studies in a seminary, a  vegetarian  can show up anywhere. (See  Common Suffixes in English.) Verbal Nouns A  verbal noun  (sometimes called a  gerund) is a noun thats derived from a verb (usually by adding the suffix  -ing) and that exhibits the ordinary properties of a noun- for example, My mother didnt like the idea of my  writing  a book about her.Most contemporary linguists distinguish  verbals  from  deverbals, but not always in precisely the same way.

GEOGRAPHIES OF SUSTAINABLE FOOD Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

GEOGRAPHIES OF SUSTAINABLE FOOD - Essay Example Sustainable food system refers to a mutual set of sustainable food production processing, distribution, consumption and waste management with an aim of enhancing environmental economics and global social health. It is for this reason that farmers and consumers often partner in developing food sustainability projects in order to achieve a stable family farm base for a nutritious, adequate and affordable diet, create food and agricultural policies to promote food sustainability base (Robinson 113). Challenges confronting global food system The world’s rapid population increase calls for more demand of food amid changing consumption patterns and food scarcity. This is one of the biggest challenges facing the world’s global food system. The current century has experienced stunning statistics on population increase expectations with the population expected to rise by 1.4 billion people. This rise in population calls for close to 50 % increase in demand of food. It is shockin g to note that with this rise in population consumption patterns continue to get complicated. The cost of production has gone up as well leading to production of fewer quantities than before. In this regard, the global food system must be managed sustainably in the next decade in order to increase food production level to cater for the increase. To meet this demand the use of technology has become inevitable. However, the use of technology has received a worldwide uproar on safety matters owing to the use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides in production. But, can universal food security be assured without the use of fertilizers and pesticides? Sustainable production of secure food can be achieved by reducing distortions in configuration of the global food market and the environment. Although many countries in developed and developing countries have large junks of unused land resources, they do not grow enough food to feed their populations. Such land resource does not only rema in untapped but also ecologically vulnerable. This is a big challenge to food sustainability. In addition to this, insolvency of the earth’s natural resources through consumption of resources beyond the earth’s production capability has led to complete depletion of the earth’s scarce resources. The other challenge affecting global food system is inequitable distribution of production resources, lack of employment or underemployment. This has rendered a greater percentage of population unable to feed their families and dependants. It has also challenged food production due to the inability to till land for production of food leading to over-reliance of foreign funding and relief food (Wilson 2). If more people were to be funded in the agricultural sector, it would mean more food availability and money to buy food. This is because agriculture is a solution to food and employment challenges. Therefore, countries with a culture of importing food from other countries tend to encourage high rate of unemployment since a culture of importing discourages agricultural activities. This is because importation marginalizes people forcing them to destroy resource base to sustain their livelihood. It is vital for agricultural resource base to be maintained because it contributes to good husbandry and sustainable management while easing rural-urban migration and in combating poverty. Measures of a

Comparative LawHistory the medieval english coroner system Essay

Comparative LawHistory the medieval english coroner system - Essay Example The other purpose this move served was that it worked as a solution to the problem of the Sheriffs' control on the peasants, and this made it look like a reform-oriented action. The sheriff was the officer designated by the King to oversee law and order in every county. In his being the legal authority of a county, the office of the sheriff allowed him all the scope to manipulate law for his own benefit. The notoriety of the sheriffs for extortion and misappropriation of funds at the King's expense, as well as the scope of the abuse of power which their office permitted, is what Hubert was aware of, and that is what prompted him to set up a network of law officers that were under the supervision of neither the sheriff, nor the Justices of the Peace. Thus came to being the office of the coroner. The Article 20 of the "Articles of Eyre", from the Eyre of September held in the County of Kent in 1194, is the decree that formally established the Coroners. The article stated that: "In ever y county of the King's realm shall be elected three knights and one clerk, to keep the pleas of the Crown" To each county, thus, were assigned three coroners and a clerk who carried the "Coroner's Rolls", although the clerk's office too was later to be replaced by another, a fourth coroner. The coroner's duties were not with a reward in terms of money: they were never paid for their services to the crown, and it was an offence for them to receive any rewards by virtue of their office. To keep them from indulging in embezzlement, to prevent which was why their office came to being, Walter decree that their appointment was dependent on a certain property level, and a least of an income twenty pounds a year. The Medieval Coroner: Duties The coroner's main duties were twin-pronged; he was the tax-collector as well as the person who would keep a criminal record of territories that came under the jurisdiction of the Royal Courts of Law. The general Eyre was the body that would go around the kingdom, primarily taking stock of the misbehaviours of the subjects. The subjects were required to keep a track of all the incidents that have occurred in this account and relate them with complete honesty to the coroner. The coroner would note these down, and hand them over to the General Eyre; the Justices in the Eyre would hand out fines and punishments. The coroner takes on the role of a tax-collector because the large fines, the amercements, were viewed more as a kind of tax than as a way of punishment by the people. As has previously been mentioned, this was also the primary manner in which large revenues were being collected for the Royal Treasury. The ability to extract these sums was largely dependent on the details provi ded by the coroner. This ensured his presence in all kinds of events where fines, sureties and taxes could be levied, and property and goods be forfeited. This role of the coroner has taken a backseat and his second main duty that of investigating unnatural and suspicious deaths makes the coroner's identity today; sudden deaths, accidental deaths, natural deaths, suicides, murder and manslaughter, all these came under the coroner's duties. Medieval England also saw the coroner in charge of associated crimes

Corporate Finance ------ Analytical report Essay

Corporate Finance ------ Analytical report - Essay Example Let's begin by taking a closer look at the board of governors and what its members do. Together, management and the board of governors have the ultimate goal of maximizing shareholder value. In theory, management looks after the day-to-day operations, and the board ensures that shareholders are adequately represented. But the reality is that many boards are made up of management. The company Adobe Systems Inc., has a good balance between internal and external board members. Other good signs within Adobe Systems are the separation of CEO and chairman roles and an assortment of professional expertise of the board from accountant, attorney and executives. It's boards comprised of the current CEO (who is chairman), the CFO and the COO, along with the retired CEO, etc. This does not necessarily signal that the company is a bad investment, but, as a shareholder, it should question whether or not such a corporate structure is in shareholder best interests. The interaction between Financial Markets and Corporate Governance Corporate governance is merely one feature of the superior framework of macroeconomic policies, global capital, products and labour markets, competition, cultural norms, ethics, tax policy and diverse state regulatory systems. The expansion of global capital markets has shaped the potential for superior access to a bigger investor pool. However, the prime attraction of long-term patient capital, if it is domestic or international, the ability to offer corporate governance systems that are clearly expressed within regulatory and legal frameworks that support contractual and ownership rights. The importance of global capital markets and the governance debate continues to a purely property based regime with private property by which resources are used efficiently in our society. Global Financial markets focuses on the need to protect those property rights under vastly differing legal and political regimes, correlating shareholder protection and developed external capital markets. Capital markets are key to economic development. Economies, particularly in those nation states that are emerging or transitional, need foreign capital to make the investments necessary to generate wealth. Developed market economies also require additional capital to meet product and other market changes, and to ensure that they are globally competitive. Transparency of Corporate Governance Norms Provide Market Information Accounting principles differ from country to country, with differences often reflecting varying business practices, reporting practices and disclosure preferences. For corporate governance to be effective, official regulation of public disclosure will produce company information that is accurate, complete and timely. Interestingly and transparency of corporate governance norms are widely accepted capital market requirement. Disclosure and transparency requirements allow shareholders to monitor the use of their equity capital, enhancing board accountability mechanisms. Institutional investors such as pension funds are increasingly likely to use these transparency guarantees

How did Karl Marx view America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

How did Karl Marx view America - Essay Example The USA during the life of Karl Marx was a rapidly developing capitalist country, but social antagonisms were not as clear in the USA as they were in the UK during the life of Karl Marx. But in general the views of Marx about Great Britain and the USA are the same, as the last one turned into economical giant and the strongest economy of the world already at the beginning of the twentieth century. American society based on democratic values and free market relations is a classic capitalist society according to Karl Marx. America's one of the fundamental values is a property right, and protection of private property is one of the central goals of the USA system. Marx made an excellent job in studying the origins of the state, family, private property, the evolution of social relations and social formations. He brilliantly explained the nature and origins of economical relations from the point of view of political economy. Arguing that capitalist relations were unjust because the producers (workers) didn't have the means of production and had no property rights on the products they were producing because means of production were the property of capitalists and bourgeoisie, Marx made a prediction that capitalist formation will be changed by a new just and fair social formation with no private property- formation of communism. He characterized capitalist relations as follows: "Bourgeois productive relations... That's why bourgeois social formation ends the prehistory of human society."( Marx 1992:21) Marx considered the ruling class to be the class that had the means of production in his property. In his works talking about dominating class he mentioned bourgeoisie, but mainly bankers and industrial magnates. Small business, engineers, teachers, clerks considered to be the class of philistines and were the main support of big bourgeoisie. Oppression was characterized basically by the fact that bourgeoisie had all the essential means of production, capital, power, ideologists, police, judicial system and periodicals. The oppressed class by Karl Marx was proletariat. He didn't rely in the social revolution on peasants as they were considered to be property owners and were more attached to capitalist, market relations as workers, because they had private property. Peasants had some property rights and were defended by law, as they were among the main producers of agricultural goods. The working class got its democratic rights only nominally. In the 1850ies democracy was just developing and it was on the initial stage of the development and it had a form of formal democracy. People who were told that they've got something but in fact had nothing considered they to be out of share, its human psychology. The desire to have the promised rights stimulated unrest in the circles of workers. Liberty, equality and the demand for education rights were the basic demands of workers. Criticizing unjust and unequal conditions of living of workers and bourgeoisie Marx made an assumption that capitalist relations will be replaced once by another form of social and economical

Motivation in a Banking System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Motivation in a Banking System - Essay Example Is there any difference between the attitude and satisfaction of male and female staff or that both of the sexes are taken care of while formulating the policy for the bank. A detailed study of the employees of banks has been made covering both the quantitative and qualitative aspects of the motivation in the banking system. Anything unusual or any negative response which has come to the attention of the researcher has been very critically analyzed and carefully reviewed while making conclusions upon them. while conducting a detailed study on the motivation of employees in the banking system a lot of factors have come to the attention of the researcher that define the reason for the employees to banks to get and remain motivated at their work place. In this study a detailed study and analysis has been made of one of the most famous and leading bank in the banking industry and it has been seen tat how the motivational factors in that particular bank effect the employees of the banks and how those banks have successfully implemented those motivational factors and strategies in the their banks. What is the performance of the banks when its employees are thoroughly motivated and stress free How their basic needs and wants are taken care of. What are the reasons that they are provided with all of those facilities that have provided them with an opportunity both to excel themselves at their work place and at the same time take their organization to the level where it can be recognized as the leading banking organization in the banking industry The example which has been taken in the industry has that of the Standard Chartered Bank. A detailed study and discussion of the motivational theories applying to this banking organization has been made due to the fact that this bank has its presence in most of the countries of the world covering the countries of both developed and developing world. Therefore, it has vast culture of people working for it in different countries of the world. Standard chartered Bank has an immense amount of experience in managing those people and in motivating them so that they continue to perform better for the sake of their future and for the future of their organization. Literature Review Motivation of employees at the work place is considered to be an essential paradigm in determining the professional growth and in attaining performance development among the employees of the company. Motivation is considered to be a driving force behind the better performance and target achievement of employees in any organization. Motivation is the reason that the attitude of the employee is changed at the work place for I can't do it to I can do it because I have done it attitude. This can be achieved through various actions of the management and peers at the working place. This working paper focuses on the motivation of employees working in the banking sector and discusses how the employees of banks from managers to lower level staff are kept motivated in the big and small organizations alike for the achievement of better results for the organization. Motivation as it applies to all the organizations also applies to the

Google glasses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Google glasses - Essay Example This version is effective since it has a user practice that works easily under voice commands and touch. Based on the demand-pull inflation, Google glass has received a strong consumer demand due to its efficiency. The users are highly purchasing the Google glasses, and its sales have increased inevitably. This has improved the economy of Google glasses making it to have the attention of many users al over the world. In conclusion, according to the Ansoff strategy, the company has to undertake various steps to make sure that the consumers are aware of the product in the mark. When the Google glass products are introduced the market penetration is important since it captures the attention of customers from other products. This results to market development where different consumers are targeted for the Google glass products. When the products develop, the manufactures of Google glass have the advantage of producing new products since the consumers are aware. Through these strategies, the product will become diversified and the manufacturing firm is at a lower risk of losing market to its

Motivation in a Banking System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Motivation in a Banking System - Essay Example Is there any difference between the attitude and satisfaction of male and female staff or that both of the sexes are taken care of while formulating the policy for the bank. A detailed study of the employees of banks has been made covering both the quantitative and qualitative aspects of the motivation in the banking system. Anything unusual or any negative response which has come to the attention of the researcher has been very critically analyzed and carefully reviewed while making conclusions upon them. while conducting a detailed study on the motivation of employees in the banking system a lot of factors have come to the attention of the researcher that define the reason for the employees to banks to get and remain motivated at their work place. In this study a detailed study and analysis has been made of one of the most famous and leading bank in the banking industry and it has been seen tat how the motivational factors in that particular bank effect the employees of the banks and how those banks have successfully implemented those motivational factors and strategies in the their banks. What is the performance of the banks when its employees are thoroughly motivated and stress free How their basic needs and wants are taken care of. What are the reasons that they are provided with all of those facilities that have provided them with an opportunity both to excel themselves at their work place and at the same time take their organization to the level where it can be recognized as the leading banking organization in the banking industry The example which has been taken in the industry has that of the Standard Chartered Bank. A detailed study and discussion of the motivational theories applying to this banking organization has been made due to the fact that this bank has its presence in most of the countries of the world covering the countries of both developed and developing world. Therefore, it has vast culture of people working for it in different countries of the world. Standard chartered Bank has an immense amount of experience in managing those people and in motivating them so that they continue to perform better for the sake of their future and for the future of their organization. Literature Review Motivation of employees at the work place is considered to be an essential paradigm in determining the professional growth and in attaining performance development among the employees of the company. Motivation is considered to be a driving force behind the better performance and target achievement of employees in any organization. Motivation is the reason that the attitude of the employee is changed at the work place for I can't do it to I can do it because I have done it attitude. This can be achieved through various actions of the management and peers at the working place. This working paper focuses on the motivation of employees working in the banking sector and discusses how the employees of banks from managers to lower level staff are kept motivated in the big and small organizations alike for the achievement of better results for the organization. Motivation as it applies to all the organizations also applies to the

Economic analysis construction Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Economic analysis construction - Assignment Example Realizing that this increase in the available financial resources is not a sustainable growth strategy in the long-term, the UAE government has made several public commitments to reform its regulatory environment, strengthen the country’s macroeconomic foundations, sustain the rapid growth in the non-oil sector, and invest in human capital (World Economic Forum, 2). On the macro-economic level, economic recovery after the recent financial crisis is on a sustained track. UAE’s economic recovery has continued to gather momentum in the recent past, driven by sturdy expansion in trade, tourism, manufacturing and transport. Additionally, the construction and real estate sectors have also bounced back from the slump experienced during the recession. On the back of a notable rebound of consumer confidence, real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth in 2013 stood at 4.0%, following a 4.4% growth in 2012, according to the estimates provided by the International Monetary Fund (Bank Audi, 1). The GDP growth and the rebound in consumer confidence is a good development within the market the construction company intends to penetrate. This is because it will create opportunities that will drive demand in the construction sector for commercial and residential real estate. The Abu Dhabi Government committed to finance an additional AED 330 billion in early 2013 for major developments over the coming five years. The government’s commitment focuses on social development, specifically in the education, healthcare, housing, and selective strategic transport projects (Kerr, Ryburn, McLaren, & OrDentons 1). The UAE’s real estate sector continues to be characterized by unique patterns in two major cities. While Abu Dhabi’s market remains subdued, Dubai’s market has been experiencing renewed development activities, an increase in prices, and growing concerns about a bubble comeback

History Of Why Learn Japanese English Language Essay

History Of Why Learn Japanese English Language Essay In todays world where so many activities, both national and personal, occur on a global scale, the study of a language in school and beyond develops the students intercultural competence. It enables them to enter into a challenging intercultural exchange to broaden their perspective, to deepen their capacity to understand and ultimately to deal with the unfamiliar and the unexpected. With over 130 million native speakers and a growing number of non-native speakers, Japanese is the 10th most spoken. Many believe that mastering the Japanese language is the key to engaging with the country. For students who have never been exposed to non-Western cultures, the study of Japanese opens the door to Asia. For students, it is a venue in which to understand their cultural heritage. Japan has the 2nd largest economy in the world. Just by learning Japanese can bring you many business opportunities. A key in winning their business might be being able to communicate with potential customers in their own language. Understanding the Japanese work ethic, their business etiquette, and knowing which cultural faux pas to avoid can often make or break an important business deal. Also to get a better understanding of the Asian market. In addition, when learning Japanese, you become not only proficient in the language but also gain an insider view of the culture. There is an explosion of the many cultural exports that can be found in Japan. From anime to food, karaoke to kimonos, Japanese culture is rich with both contemporary and traditional cultural ways. This unique culture determines the way they interact, react and behave in their daily lives. A knowledge of the language will give you direct access to Japanese film, animations, and comic books, give you insight into the special terminology used in your favourite martial art, and develop your ability to order sashimi like a native at your favourite Japanese restaurant! In addition to what they learn of the language and culture, they will also acquire basic language learning strategies, higher thinking skills, and broader perspectives from their Japanese studies. The benefits for students of learning Japanese can be considered in both the short term and the long term. In the short term, students can look forward to unique activities relating to a completely different culture from their own. They can enjoy fun activities in class, or even hosting a Japanese exchange student. There is always the motivation and pleasure of learning something new and different in Japanese. Furthermore, learning any foreign language, especially Japanese, teaches a student new learning skills, such as ways to increase concentration, memorization, and listening. Studies have shown that these new cognitive skills often improve students performance in other subjects as well. Finally, learning such a unique and special language often gives children a sense of self-confidence and pride they may not have had before. In the long term, a student learns many other important things through the study of Japanese. The value of persistence and respect for other cultures are two of the most important long-term benefits. Learning any foreign language, especially one as different from English as Japanese, helps one to look more critically at ones native language and understand it at a deeper level. Similarly, because it leads to the acquisition of critical communication skills, learning one foreign language is often a jumping-off point for people to learn other languages within their lifetime. Opportunity is possibly the most important long-term benefit of learning Japanese. A child can make lifelong friends and increase his or her opportunity to see Japan in a way most others cannot. In the global community we now live in, having the ability to speak Japanese not only opens doors in higher education and in employment in Japan-related fields, but shows employers that one is intelligent, unique, and globally conscious. The newest opportunity that has arisen for students of Japanese is, of course, a chance to get ahead in college through AP Japanese. In todays competitive collegiate environment, having taken AP courses and passed AP Exams can be a big help in getting into a better college or university. Most colleges and universities treat having passed an AP Exam as college credit, a policy that lightens students course loads and allows them to concentrate on other courses, earn double majors, or simply graduate in less time. Studying Japanese means learning a language that is so different from English that it will make you rethink your most basic assumptions about the way language works. It means learning to conjugate your verbs according not just to tense but also to politeness. It means getting used to the idea that adjectives can have a past tense. It means doing without plurals, choosing among dozens of different words for I, and learning to wait for the verb until the very end of the sentence. Japanese is difficult in ways that European languages are not, but it is also surprisingly easy in ways that they can be difficult. There is no subjunctive mood to worry about, no grammatical gender, no definite or indefinite articles, and no complex conjugations according to person. It is also extremely easy to pronounce Japanese. The Japanese language has a number of dialects, some of which are mutually unintelligible. Thanks to the development of mass communications and the governments directive to establish a common language, however, most people now speak a common tongue. Learning Japanese can and will open many door for you in the future. You just have try your best and have a goal and strive towards it.

Summary of Case Analysis: Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company Essay

Summary of Case Analysis: Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  INTRODUCTION GOODYEAR TIRE AND RUBBER COMPANY   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company, was founded in 1898 and was the world tire production leader until November 1990 when Groupe Michelin took over after merging with Uniroyal Goodrich Tire Company. Goodyear ¡Ã‚ ¦s principal business is the development, manufacture, distribution, and sale of tires throughout the world. Its tires and tube sales represent 83 % of 1991 corporate sales of $10.9 billion with corporate wide earnings of $96.9 million. It has its owned Goodyear Auto Service Centers and franchised Goodyear Tire Dealers in supporting its distribution and sale of tires in US. Goodyear controls 20 percent of the world ¡Ã‚ ¦s tire manufacturing capacity and 37 percent of US tire-making capacity and sales outside US represent 42 % of company revenues. Table 1  ¡V Worldwide Market Share, 1990 In early 1992, Sears, Roebuck and Company (Sears), owner of Auto Centers proposed to sell Goodyear ¡Ã‚ ¦s popular brand tire, Eagle. This has raised Goodyear ¡Ã‚ ¦s management consideration due to the following facts: (i)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Goodyear brand tires has declined 3.2 % in market share (4.9 million units) for passenger cars between 1987 to 1991; (ii)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2 million worn-out Goodyear tires were replaced with other brands at 850 Sears Auto Centers. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  THE ISSUE   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The declining of Goodyear market share was believed due to the growth of warehouse membership club and the discount tire retail. See Table 2 and 3 below. In addition to that, about 2 million Goodyear tires were replaced by other brands at Sears Auto Centers in the Replacement Tire Market.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Table 2  ¡V US Market Share of Tire Replacement by Retail Outlet Type of Retail Outlet  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1982 (%)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1992 (%) Traditional multibrand independent dealers  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  44  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  44 Discount multibrand independent dealers  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  7  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  15 Chain stores, department stores  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  20  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  14 Tire company stores  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  10  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  9 Service stations  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  11  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  8 Warehouse clubs  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  6 Others  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  8  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  4 Total  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  100  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  100   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Table 3  ¡V Pie chart of US Market Share of Tire Replacement by Retail Outlet   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Goodyear ¡Ã‚ ¦s management is considering Sears proposal to sell its Goodyear ¡Ã‚ ¦s popular brand i.e. Eagle which basically affect it distribution policy. In summary, the above factors l... ...(b)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Price a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To offer high incentive in terms of transfer of price to the franchise dealers and standard incentive to Sears Auto Centers. (c)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Advertising and Promotion a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Strategize the advertising to notify and educate customers of the new and additional channels of Goodyear tire products in the TV and newspaper; (d)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Distribution and Sales a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To review the existing franchise contracts with the franchise dealers and provide more marketing support to both franchise dealers and Sears. b.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To restrict distribution of tires, ie. Channels (franchise and Sears) will only be able to obtain distribution from authorized distributors and not directly from manufacturer, as this will ensure price stability. 7.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  CONCLUSION The recommendation is to proceed with the review of distribution policy in order to allow Sears to sell Goodyear tires and expand the franchise dealers ¡Ã‚ ¦ business to include the on-stop-service centers. This decision will re-gain market share from the warehouse club and discount independent dealers and increase sales of 2 million tires annually as the distribution channels have increase and able to tap loyalty customers of Sears.

Andrew Jackson :: essays research papers

Andrew Jackson became the nation’s seventh president in 1829. He made significant changes in American politics at that time. He was very popular with the people because of the fact that he was a hero of the War of 1812. He had also served in the senate and was a tough man who had manifested the spirit of the frontier. One change Jackson brought about was the steadily increasing power of the west. He happened to be the first president to come from the west of the Appalachians. Jackson was also the start of a new era of democracy in American politics. He didn’t belong to a party but rather had much popular support.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jackson supporters were poor and relatively new voters. Unlike other races (besides that of 1824) all white men were allowed to vote rather than just white male property owners. The election of Jackson in 1828 tripled the votes cast from 356,000 in 1824 to 1.1 million in 1828. Most of those new voters gave their votes to the man of the people, Jackson. The power of the voters was evident. Jackson had won 178 electoral votes to Adam’s 83. The election also stirred another change; the revival of the two-party system. This race gave voters a choice between two candidates with sharply differing views. An opposition party had arisen and with it came many conflicts but the new party would also strengthen the democratic process by stirring debates on key issues and giving two different views on matters.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many newly elected officials elected to office used a practice called patronage. Jackson made the practice official by dismissing more than 200 presidential employees and about 2,000 other officeholders. They were replaced with 2,000 Jacksonian Democrats. The term spoils system was soon derived for the patronage system under Jackson. The spoils or pillage (jobs of previous appointees and officeholders) were taken from a defeated enemy. Jackson stated, in defense of the spoils system that any intelligent man could hold a public office. His support for the system made him popular with the common man.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jackson did not approve of a overpowering or controlling federal government. He felt the national government should be the least involved as possible. He vetoed many acts of congress in his term as president, one being a road from Maysville, Kentucky to Lexington, Kentucky. He felt the state should build the road and not the national government.

Where to use mean, median or mode to make a decision

Measures of average are also called measures of central tendency. Their purpose is to provide a numerical figure which may describe the level of entire distribution. For example let five students be awarded marks as follows. 10, 11,9,12 and 13. All these scores are different from each other but at least there is one such score to which the rest of the scores standby or nearby. There are three measures of central tendency as follows; mean, median and mode (Srivastava et al. , 1989). These are used at different occasions when making a decision for example when the administration of the state is requiring to collect and analyze data related to population and material wealth of the country for the purpose of planning and finance. Mean can be used when making the instructional decisions. This can be used by a teacher to get the knowledge about the student’s entry behavior and background; in this case the distribution should be normal meaning all the scores should be present. By getting the mean of the student’s scores, the teacher will be able to identify the teaching technique to use according to their strengths and weaknesses. Consequently, the mean should be used when the teacher is evaluating the degree to which the objectives have to be achieved so that he/she will be able to encourage good study behavior among the students. Incase the scores are scattered the mean must be used so that all the scores are brought together to enable decision making to take place may be about the performance. Median should be used for guidance decisions. Students should be guided in their vocational choices; educational performance and their personal problems therefore median can be used to determine the average performer in class and can be advised accordingly. At the same time, median is used to make guidance decisions especially when a quick and easily computed measure is required to provide the data about significant characteristics which can help a certain group of people to understand themselves better. Mode should be used in research decisions in the sense that for any research to be carried out there must be collecting of the data on the issue at hand. After collecting the data, scoring, and analysis should be done and interpretation of the whole information given. When the information is incomplete mode must be used. It is also used when one wants to know the fashion of the most recurring measure or score.

Principles of Management Assignment Essay

All four managers agreed that there was a difference between managing and leading, which means there is no gap. They all defined managing as process, procedures, task focused and results; compared to leading, which was focus on developing people. The positive benefit is it helps implement new processes the within the Contact Centre at MPI because all levels of management have a clear understanding that leading is people development and managing is a task focus. Key to Staff Motivation The key to staff motivation is similar with all four managers; therefore, no real gaps exist. They all agreed that recognizing individual difference, matching people to jobs, what builds up that employee, asking for staff opinions, being part of the solution and inspire them to buy in to the organization plan. The positive benefit to the Contact Centre is making people feel they are part of the solution. In addition, what they do makes the Contact Centre successful. Management are able to outline the expectation and make everyone accountable for his or her actions. As the managers understand the key to motivate staff, it will help when implementing new procedures and having staffed involved in the implementation at the beginning stages with the Contact Centre. Opinion on Expedition The most efficient way of getting people to do things, for all four managers was to communicate expectations and the understanding of why it is important to complete the request. There was no gap with each level of management, starting from the supervisor, to assistant managers and the department manager. They all agreed that providing direction, communicating, understanding and giving guidance to employees on completing the task. This would be a positive benefit to the managers because they will have staff to perform the daily tasks needed to run a contact centre. As all managers, do not use one specific type of motivation factor to influence and engage staff to work efficiently and effectively within the Contact Centre. Communication When discussing the best way to communicate with staff, all four levels of managers agreed that there are various methods to use and, depending on the situation, figuring out what works best. Between the four people, there is no gap with what they state regarding how to communicate information whether it is formal or informal. They all agreed that using the right tool to convey a message would be by email or in person. Communication is the transfer and understanding the meaning of information. This would be a positive benefit as it is important to keep the lines of communication open between front line staff up to management. This would help with relating feedback to existing performance goals and clear expectations. This includes: Giving specific feedback tied to observable behaviour or measurable results. Channel feedback toward key results areas and things the can do something about. Give feedback as soon as possible. Give positive feedback for improvement, not just results. Focus feedback on performance, not personalities. Speak directly and without judgement and base feedback on accurate and credible information. This positive benefit would help staff motivation and understanding new process and procedures to perform them effectively and efficiently to better help our customers. Responsibility for Change When asked who is responsible for change in an organization all four managers agreed that everyone is responsible for change. No gap exists between the four managers and the current practices. The positive benefit to not having gaps is that all levels of management are setting the tone through management behaviour when implementing any change. From managers to employees, everyone needs to be positive role models because everyone is responsible for change. It helps to know the best way for change is employee’s participation and creation of a climate with a high level of trust. Implementing Change in an Organization There is no gap between all four manages on their view of how they think change is best implemented in an organization. They all agreed that providing a clean timeline, planning, objectives and communicating outcomes  is shared with right group of staff. This has a positive benefit to the organization’s culture, since management realizes that change can be difficult to introduce because employees are often committed to old ways of doing things. In addition, management realize how to deal with employee stress while undergoing change. For the positive benefit to be effective, management realizes they need to communicate clearly, involve the necessary employees, share information and have employee buy in to have change be implement efficiently. Drives Change in Organizations There is not a real gap between all four mangers in what drives change in an organization. All four mangers, agreed there are internal and external factors that drive change in an organization such as: growth, technology, customer, politics, business, employees, and market needs. However, being different levels in management the internal and external forces of change differ in position and chain of command. The positive benefit with different points of view is shared by communicating from the bottom to the top manager. Everyone receives a broader view of the changes effecting the organization from front line supervisor to manager. The changes that effect an organization are structure, people and technology. To have views from different levels of management on how these types of change happens in one department, helps give a better understanding to how to handle the change with staff. This is a positive benefit on implementing any change as all levels of mangers work together to help staff understand and motivate the change fundamentally. Top Three Challenges facing Management and Leadership There exists a gap in the four levels of management on their views of what are the top three most pressing challenges facing management and leadership. The challenges differ with each level of management are as followed: corporate approval, amount of changing adversity in MPI, demographic change in the workplace, creating ownership and accountability in the organization, customer expectations, management change, workload and developing in your owner position and trying to develop other employees. These gaps between all levels of management have a combined result of being both a positive benefit and a negative impact implication for the future organization of MPI. The positive benefit is each level of management focus on a different challenge  that can be developed or changed to help employees and the company. For example the roles of each level of management is different in the Contact Centre so working with challenges facing management and leadership when addressed proactively they benefit the future goals of the organization. As they work together to implement any change or add new procedures, they realize they all have different challenges that effect their role. The negative impact is having these different challenges does not necessary mean that they are working towards the same goal. For example, if implementing any change within the Contact Centre, they do not realize the different challenges with each other. The result is they will have trouble understanding the changes that are required to implement to staff that will affect the future organizational goals.